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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a heat exchanger (1) comprising: at least one collecting box (20) comprising a collecting plate (21), a heat exchange bundle (10) comprising a plurality of tubes (11), the tubes (11) ) respectively comprising at least one end opening into the manifold (20) and having at least one flare (115), and - at least one compressible seal (25, 25 ') arranged at least partially on the collector plate ( 21) and around the ends of the tubes (11) opening into the manifold (20). According to the invention, said exchanger (1) further comprises at least one locking member (29) arranged at least partially inside the end of at least one tube (11) and shaped to maintain the flaring (115) of the end of said tube (11) to compress the seal (25, 25 ').
    公开号:FR3056734A1
    申请号:FR1659265
    申请日:2016-09-28
    公开日:2018-03-30
    发明作者:Jose Trindade；Xavier Marchadier；Fabien Bireaud；Remi Tournois；Valeriane Hidden；Christian Riondet；Jean-Marc Lesueur；Kamel Azzouz；Veronique Monnet；Patrick Boisselle
    申请人:Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Holder (s): VALEO THERMAL SYSTEMS Simplified joint-stock company.
    Extension request (s)
    Agent (s): VALEO THERMAL SYSTEMS.
    154) HEAT EXCHANGER, ESPECIALLY FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE.
    FR 3 056 734 - A1 _ The invention relates to a heat exchanger (1) comprising: at least one manifold (20) comprising a manifold plate (21), a heat exchange bundle (10) comprising a plurality of tubes ( 11), the tubes (11) respectively comprising at least one end opening into the manifold (20) and having at least one flare (115), and
    - At least one compressible seal (25, 25 ') arranged at least partially on the collector plate (21) and around the ends of the tubes (11) opening into the collector box (20).
    According to the invention, said exchanger (1) further comprises at least one locking member (29) arranged at least partially inside the end of at least one tube (11) and shaped to maintain the flare (115) from the end of said tube (11) in order to compress the seal (25, 25 ').
    -1 Heat exchanger, especially for a motor vehicle
    The invention relates to the field of heat exchangers, in particular for motor vehicles.
    Heat exchangers conventionally comprise a heat exchange bundle of tubes and at least one, generally two manifolds or boxes for distributing a fluid. In known manner, each manifold comprises at least two parts: a manifold receiving the ends of the tubes and a cover covering the manifold to at least partially close the manifold.
    Dividers or fins can also be provided between the tubes to improve heat exchange.
    According to a known solution, the various elements of such a heat exchanger are metal, such as aluminum or aluminum alloy, and can be assembled and then brazed by passing through a brazing furnace, to ensure the sobdarization of the assembly. elements.
    Such a heat exchanger, the various elements of which are permanently fixed to one another by a brazing operation is called a brazed heat exchanger. With this brazed technology, the tubes can be arranged with a tight pitch, for example of the order of 6mm. The increase in the number of tubes of the heat exchange bundle makes it possible to improve the performance of so-called brazed heat exchangers.
    However, the heat exchangers are subject to many stresses and thermal variations during the various operating cycles. In particular, expansion and retraction phenomena linked to temperature variations can occur, in particular at the level of the baisons between the collector plate and the tubes. These baisons being rigid in a brazed heat exchanger, this does not allow to compensate for such phenomena of expansion and retraction. Over time these bonds weaken and ruptures and as a result leakage of the fluid may appear.
    Another known technology is a technology for mechanical assembly of the elements of the heat exchanger, namely at room temperature, for example by crimping, expansion, clipping or other mechanical work. In particular, each collector plate can be provided with mechanical fixing means, for example crimping,
    -2 clean to cooperate with a peripheral rim of the cover which is fixed on the collector plate while ensuring the compression of a seal placed on the collector plate. In addition, the ends of the tubes are assembled to each header plate by expanding the ends of the tubes so as to compress the gasket between the ends of the tubes and the header plate.
    The gasket provides sealing between the cover and the collector plate but also between the ends of the tubes and the collector plate. In addition, the seal can compensate for the phenomena of expansion and retraction that may occur. Such a mechanical assembly therefore makes it possible to reduce the risks of fluid leakage.
    However, the tubes of the heat exchange bundle must meet mechanical strength criteria, for example pressure constraints exerted by the seal.
    In addition, the known flexible connections produced by means of the seal for mechanical exchangers cannot in this state be applied for brazed exchangers because these connections present the risk of too low mechanical resistance with the tubes of brazed exchangers. , such as bent tubes. Indeed, these tubes may close under the effect of the pressure exerted by the seal. In such a case, the tubes are no longer mechanically retained, and can move, thus no longer ensuring the seal between the heat exchange bundle and the manifold.
    The object of the invention is therefore to at least partially overcome these problems of the prior art by proposing a heat exchanger making it possible to respond to pressure and endurance constraints while reducing the risks of leakage.
    To this end, the invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle comprising:
    at least one manifold comprising a manifold plate, a heat exchange bundle comprising a plurality of tubes, the tubes respectively comprising at least one end opening into the manifold and having at least one flare, and at least one seal compressible arranged at least partially on the collector plate and around the ends of the tubes opening into the collector box.
    According to the invention, said exchanger further comprises at least one member for
    -3locking arranged at least partially inside the end of at least one tube and shaped to maintain the flaring of the end of said tube in order to compress the seal.
    The locking members inserted at the end of one or more tubes make it possible to lock the flares of the tubes so as to keep the seal compressed by the tubes, thus guaranteeing the mechanical strength.
    The heat exchanger may also have one or more of the following characteristics, taken separately or in combination:
    the manifold is mechanically assembled to the heat exchange bundle of said exchanger;
    the tubes have in cross section two half-sections separated by a partition, and two locking members are inserted on one end of the tube, so that each locking member is inserted on a half-section of the tube;
    said heat exchanger comprises a plurality of regularly distributed locking members;
    said heat exchanger comprises at least one locking member for each end of the tube;
    said at least one locking member is formed on an element of the heat exchanger;
    the manifold further comprises a cover assembled to the manifold so as to close the manifold, and said at least one locking member is produced in the form of a tongue made integrally with the cover extending in the direction of the tubes and inserted at least partially inside a tube end;
    the cover comprises at least one tie rod integrally with the cover and extending in the interior volume of the cover, and the tab extends from said at least one tie rod towards one end of the tube;
    the cover has a substantially longitudinal shape;
    said at least one tie extends in the longitudinal direction of the cover;
    said at least drawing extends transversely in the interior volume of the cover;
    the tongue has an end of a shape complementary to the at least partially flared shape of the end of a tube, for example a substantially trapezoidal shape;
    The manifold box further comprises an internal plate distinct from the collector plate and arranged at least partially against the seal, so that the seal is interposed between the collector plate and the internal plate;
    the internal plate has a plurality of openings bordered by collars forming a plurality of locking members, the collars extending in the direction of the tubes and being arranged on the periphery of the ends of the tubes, so as to maintain the seal compressed between each end of the tube and the collector plate; the collars of the internal plate have a plastic deformation, complementary to the ends of the tubes, so as to keep the flares of the ends of the tubes in abutment against the seal;
    the internal plate is arranged between the seal and the cover; said at least one locking member is an additional piece added with respect to the elements of the heat exchanger and assembled on one end of the tube; said at least one locking member is mechanically assembled inside a tube end;
    said at least one locking member is produced in the form of an internal ring; the internal ring has a thickness of the order of 0.15mm to 0.30mm; the inner ring has an outer perimeter substantially equal to the inner perimeter of the end of a tube before flaring;
    the tubes respectively have an internal flare and an external flare, and the internal ring has an external perimeter substantially equal to the internal perimeter at the level of the internal flaring of the end of a tube;
    the inner ring has at least one chamfer shaped to facilitate the insertion of the inner ring inside one end of the tube;
    said at least one locking member is made of a metallic material, such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy;
    the heat exchange bundle is assembled by brazing.
    Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the following description, given by way of illustrative and nonlimiting example, and of the appended drawings among which:
    - Figure 1 is a sectional view from top to bottom in section of a heat exchanger according to
    -5a first embodiment partially showing a heat exchange bundle and a manifold,
    FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1 on which the cover of the manifold has been removed and showing locking members according to a first variant,
    FIG. 3 is an enlarged portion of FIG. 1,
    FIG. 4 is a partial view with a cutaway at the level of the cover, showing a second alternative embodiment of the locking members on the cover of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1,
    FIG. 5 is a partial view showing another arrangement of the locking members according to the second variant embodiment,
    - Figure 6a is a cross-sectional view of a bent tube for a heat exchanger,
    - Figure 6b is a cross-sectional view of a stapled tube for heat exchanger,
    FIG. 7 is a perspective view partially showing a heat exchanger according to a second embodiment,
    FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a collecting plate of a collecting box of the heat exchanger according to the second embodiment,
    FIG. 9a is a perspective view of a seal for the manifold according to the second embodiment,
    FIG. 9b is a partial section view showing one end of a tube of the heat exchanger according to the second embodiment assembled with the manifold before compression of the seal of FIG. 9a,
    FIG. 10a is a perspective view of a lower face of an internal plate of the manifold according to the second embodiment,
    FIG. 10b is a perspective view of a portion of an upper face of the internal plate of the manifold according to the second embodiment,
    FIG. 11a is a perspective view showing the ends of the tubes of the heat exchanger opening into a manifold according to a third embodiment,
    FIG. 1b is a sectional view of FIG. 11a,
    FIG. 12a is a perspective view showing the ends of the tubes of the heat exchanger opening into a manifold according to a fourth embodiment,
    FIG. 12b is a sectional view of FIG. 12a,
    FIG. 13a is a top view and in perspective of an internal plate of the manifold of FIGS. 12a and 12b, and
    FIG. 13b is a view from below and in perspective of the internal plate of the manifold of FIGS. 12a and 12b,
    FIG. 14a is a sectional view of a heat exchanger according to a fifth embodiment partially showing a heat exchange bundle comprising internal rings inserted into the ends of the tubes of the heat exchange bundle,
    FIG. 14b is a sectional view schematically showing an internal ring inserted in one end of a tube of the heat exchange bundle, and
    - Figure 14c shows schematically an internal ring of Figures 14a and 14b.
    In these figures, identical elements have the same references.
    The following embodiments are examples. Although the description refers to one or more embodiments, this does not necessarily mean that each reference relates to the same mode of reabsorption, or that the characteristics apply only to a single mode of reabsorption. Simple features of different resubscription modes can also be combined or interchanged to provide other resubscriptions.
    In the description, it is possible to index certain elements, such as for example first element or second element. In this case, it is a simple indexing to differentiate and name similar but not identical elements. This indexing does not imply a priority of one element over another and one can easily interchange such names without departing from the scope of this description. Nor does this indexation impose an order in time.
    The invention relates to a heat exchanger 1 for a motor vehicle, such as a radiator.
    As is partially illustrated in FIG. 1, a heat exchanger 1 conventionally comprises:
    a heat exchange bundle 10 comprising a plurality of tubes 11, arranged in one or more rows of tubes 11, and
    at least one manifold 20, generally two manifolds 20 (only one being visible in FIG. 1), each manifold 20 comprising a manifold plate 21 traversed by the tubes 11, and a cover 23 intended to be fixed on the plate
    -7collector 21 to at least partially close the manifold 20.
    The tubes 11 can extend longitudinally and be mounted between two manifolds 20, by means of the collector plates 21 arranged transversely relative to the tubes 11 and respectively crossed by the ends of the tubes 11.
    Or the manifolds 20 allow to distribute a first fluid to the tubes 11 or to collect the first fluid having passed through these tubes 11. The tubes 11 are therefore intended to be crossed by the first fluid.
    The or each manifold 20 has a seal 25 (Figures 1 to 5, 7 to 9a and 11) or 25 '(Figures 13a to 14b). More specifically, it is a seal 25; 25 'compressible intended to be arranged at least partially on the manifold plate 21 and around the ends of the tubes 11 opening into the manifold 20 at the assembly of the heat exchanger 1.
    First embodiment
    Referring to Figures 1 to 6b, a first embodiment of the heat exchanger 1 is described.
    Heat exchange harness
    According to the first embodiment described, the heat exchange bundle 10 can be assembled by brazing, that is to say that the different elements are assembled together and then brazed by passing through a brazing oven, to ensure the joining of all the elements of the heat exchange bundle 10. For this purpose, the various elements of the heat exchange bundle 10 are metallic, preferably aluminum or aluminum alloy.
    The heat exchange bundle 10 may further comprise spacers 13 (see FIGS. 1 to 5), for example of substantially corrugated shape, separating the tubes 11 from one another, and intended to be crossed by a second fluid for exchange thermal with the first fluid intended to pass through the tubes 11. These spacers 13 are well known to those skilled in the art and are not described in more detail herein.
    The heat exchange bundle 10 may further comprise two lateral cheeks 15 on either side of the plurality of tubes 11, in this example on either side of the alternating stack of tubes 11 and spacers 13 The side cheeks 15 comprise
    Respectively, means for fixing to the cover 23 of the manifold 20, for example mechanical, such as crimping lugs 151 configured to be folded down on the cover 23 when the heat exchange bundle 10 is assembled to the manifold 20 .
    In particular, according to this first embodiment, the tubes 11 of the heat exchange bundle are made from a metal sheet. The sealing of each tube 11 can be ensured by brazing. For example, the tubes 11 are formed by bending, this is known as a “bent tube” (see FIG. 6a), or they can be stapled (see FIG. 6b) or it can be electro-welded tubes.
    According to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 4 to 6a, the cross section of a tube 11 may have two parallel fluid circulation channels juxtaposed 111 and separated by at least one partition 113, also called leg, forming spacer. In other words, in this example the end of the folded tube 11 has two half-sections separated by the leg 113. By way of example, each tube 11 can have a cross section substantially at "B". Of course, any other type of folding can be provided. As an alternative, other sections can be provided, for example of substantially oblong shape defining a single fluid circulation channel 111, as illustrated in the example of FIG. 6b.
    In addition, the heat exchange bundle 10, brazed in this example, is intended to be mechanically assembled to the or each manifold 20. The heat exchanger 1 is in this case called a mechanically-brazed exchanger.
    To do this, the tubes 11 are assembled mechanically to each manifold 20. In detail, the tubes 11 are assembled to the manifold 20 so as to pass through the manifold plate 21, as is better visible in FIGS. 1 and 3 The ends of the tubes 11 opening into this manifold 20 are then deformed plastic. According to the embodiment described, this mechanical assembly is done by expansion or flaring of the ends of the tubes 11. For this purpose, the ends of the tubes 11 are flared so as to bear on the gasket 25.
    The flaring of the ends of tubes 11 is for example carried out by punching these ends.
    Preferably, the flaring is carried out in a localized manner, that is to say that the flaring is not carried out over the entire periphery of the end of a tube 11. In other words, the flaring is carried out on one or more portions of the end of the tube 11. In particular in the case of
    -9 tubes 11 folded for example at "B" having in cross section a substantially oblong shape with a partition 113 connecting the opposite long sides, the ends of the tubes 11 are flared at the long sides not at the level of the partition 113 separating the channels 111, as in the example of FIGS. 1, 2, 4 and 5. In this example with the partition 113 substantially in the center, there is therefore no central flaring of the ends of the tubes 11. In this particular example , the ends of the tubes 11 include four local flares 115 arranged on the long sides on either side of the partition 113. These flares 115 give a substantially wavy profile to the long sides of the ends of the tubes 11.
    The flares 115 on the peripheries of the ends of the tubes 11 therefore form bearing zones on the seal 25. At the level of the flare or flares 115, the width of the ends of the tubes 11 increases. The width of the ends of the tubes 11 means the dimension joining the two large opposite sides. By way of nonlimiting example, the width of one end of a tube 11 at the flares 115 can be of the order of 1.5 times to 2.5 times the width of the end of the tube 11 before expansion.
    It is possible to provide for flaring at least locally the ends of the tubes 11, so as to define one or more flares 115 only on the periphery of the ends of the tubes 11, namely on the side opening into the internal volume of the manifold 20 to 1 'assembled state.
    As a variant, it is possible to provide for flaring the ends of the tubes 11 along at least two transverse sections distinct from the ends of the tubes 11, as can be seen in FIG. 3. In particular, the ends of the tubes 11 can have:
    on the one hand one or more so-called external flares 115 on the periphery of the ends of the tubes 11 opening into the manifold 20, that is to say on the outside of the heat exchange bundle 10, and on the other hand a or several other so-called internal flares 117, made on the side of the rest of the heat exchange bundle 10, or on the inside of the heat exchange bundle 10.
    The width of the ends of the tubes 11 at the level of the external flares 115 is greater than the width of the ends of the tubes 11 at the level of the internal flares 117.
    The local flares 115, 117 make it possible to compress and hold in place the seal 25 in order to guarantee the seal between the collecting plate 21 and the tubes 11.
    In addition, the external flares 115 have a mechanical retaining function for the seal 25 ensuring that the seal 25 is held in place and compressed.
    The heat exchanger 1 also advantageously comprises one or more locking members 29, described in more detail below, arranged at the end of one or more tubes 11 so as to maintain the flare (s) 115, and thus maintaining the compression of the seal 25. These locking members 29 are advantageously formed on an element of the heat exchanger 1.
    Collector box
    Collector plate
    As regards the collecting plate 21, reference is made more particularly to FIG. 3. A plurality of openings 211 are provided on the collecting plate 21 for the passage of the ends of the tubes 11 of the heat exchange bundle 10. The shape of these openings 211 is complementary to the shape of the ends of the tubes 11 before flaring. For example, the openings 211 are substantially oblong, and extend longitudinally substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the tubes 11 in the assembled state of the heat exchanger 1.
    According to the illustrated embodiment, the collector plate 21 further comprises means for fixing 213 to the cover 23, for example mechanical, such as crimping lugs capable of being folded down on the cover 23. For example, the collector plate 21 has a peripheral edge 215, for example folded, having these fixing means 213.
    Furthermore, according to the illustrated mode of re-absorption, the collector plate 21 has a bottom 217 in which the openings 211 are formed and relative to which the peripheral edge 215 is raised. The bottom 217 may have collars 218 making it possible to facilitate the insertion of the tubes 11. The collecting plate 21 further comprises, according to the first mode of re-absorption illustrated, a peripheral groove 219 for receiving at least part of the seal 25 This peripheral groove 219 connects the bottom 217 and the raised peripheral edge 215.
    -11Lid
    The cover 23, for its part, is assembled on the collecting plate 21 and has a main longitudinal extension direction L substantially transverse to the longitudinal axis of the tubes 11 in the assembled state of the heat exchanger 1. The cover 23 has in the example illustrated a substantially longitudinal shape with two large opposite longitudinal sides, two opposite small side sides, and a substantially arch shape rebating the four sides.
    The cover 23 can be made of plastic. In this case, it is the seal 25 which provides a sealed connection between the cover 23 and the collector plate 21.
    In addition, the cover 23 includes a cover base 231 intended to be fixed to the collector plate 21, for example by means of the crimping lugs 213 of the collector plate 21 which are crimped onto the cover base 231 during assembly (see Figures 1 and 3). The term "cover base" means the lower part of the cover 23 which is on the side of the heat exchange bundle 10 during assembly. The foot of the cover 231 then comes to bear against the seal 25, more precisely against a peripheral part of the seal 25, between the cover 23 and the collector plate 21 during crimping.
    According to the first embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 5, the locking member (s) 29 for holding the flare (s) 115 are carried, and more precisely formed on the cover 23.
    In fact, according to this first embodiment, several locking members 29 are produced in the form of tongues 30, each having come integrally with the cover 23. The tongues 30 extend in the direction of the tubes 11. When assembling the cover 23 on the rest of the heat exchanger 1, each tab 30 is inserted at least partially inside a tube end 11. The tabs 30 are also called inserts.
    In order not to disturb the flow of the first fluid between the manifold 20 and the tubes 11, each tongue 30 is advantageously inserted only over a portion of one end of a tube 11 and not so as to extend over any the end of the tube 11.
    According to the mode of reahsation particuber of heat exchange bundle 10 with tubes folded in "B", each tab 30 can be inserted on a half-section of a tube end 11, 11; the two half-sections of the extremity being separated by the leg
    -12113 of the tube 11. In particular, two tongues 30 can be provided inserted on one end of a tube 11, each being inserted on a half-section of this end of the tube 11. As before, each tongue 30 is advantageously inserted only on a portion of a half-section of one end of a tube 11 and not so as to extend over the entire half-section of the end of the tube 11.
    In particular, the cover 23 may comprise one or more tie rods 31, 35 extending in the interior volume of the cover 23. Such tie rods 31, 35 carry the tongues 30. These tie rods 31, 35 advantageously come integrally with the cover 23.
    According to a first variant illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, the cover 23 comprises a predefined number, here two, longitudinal tie rods 31, that is to say extending in the longitudinal direction L of the cover 23. The longitudinal tie rods 31 extend according to the example illustrated over the entire length of the cover 23 by connecting the two small lateral sides of the cover 23.
    According to this first variant, the tongues 30 extend respectively from a longitudinal tie rod 31 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of this tie rod 31 and in the direction of the ends of the tubes 11. The tongues 30 therefore extend along an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tubes 11.
    In addition, with reference to FIG. 2, the longitudinal tie rods 31 may extend opposite the channels 111 of the tubes at "B", in a substantially eccentric manner, so that the tongues 30 are respectively inserted in a channel 111 of one end of the tube 11 on the side opposite the leg 113.
    In addition, according to this first variant, provision may be made for transverse reinforcements 33, making it possible respectively to connect a longitudinal tie rod 31 to a large longitudinal side of the cover 23. The number of such transverse reinforcements 33 is left to the choice of a person skilled in the art. according to the constraints. The transverse reinforcements 33 can be arranged symmetrically or not with respect to a longitudinal central axis L of the cover 23.
    According to a second variant illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, the cover 23 comprises a predetermined number of tie rods 35 extending transversely in the interior volume of the cover 23. The transverse tie rods 35 extend according to the example illustrated over the entire width of the cover 23 by connecting the two long longitudinal sides of the cover 23.
    According to this second variant, the tongues 30 extend respectively from
    -13d'un drawing 35 transverse in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L of the cover 23 and in the direction of the ends of the tubes 11. The tongues 30 therefore extend along an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tubes 11.
    According to the illustrated example, the tongues 30 extend from a transverse tie rod 35 first of all substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis L of the cover 23 in the direction of a small lateral side of the cover 23 and then substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L of the cover 23 and towards the ends of the tubes 11. In other words, each tongue 30 has a first part extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis L of the cover 23 and a second part s' extending substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L of the cover 23.
    Tabs 30 can be provided on two transverse tie rods 35 juxtaposed, so as to form:
    a first row of tabs 30, comprising one or more tabs 30, extending from a first transverse tie rod 35, and a second row of tabs 30, comprising one or more tabs 30, extending from the second transverse tie rod 35.
    To save space, the first part of the tabs 30 of the second row can extend opposite to the first part of the tabs 30 of the first row, as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5.
    According to one or other of these variants (FIGS. 1 to 5), each tongue 30 has an end, intended to be inserted into the end of a tube 11, of shape complementary to the at least partially flared shape of the end of a tube 11. In other words, the tongues 30 are of shape complementary to the shape of the flares 115 at the ends of the tubes 11.
    In the example illustrated, the tongues 30, in particular their ends, have in cross section a substantially trapezoidal shape with in particular a base from which extend two non-parallel sides. The sides of the tongues 30 are configured to come against the flares 115 at the ends of the tubes 11 and thus maintain the flares 115 in order to guarantee the compression of the seal 25.
    Of course, the tongues 30 do not extend over the entire length of the associated tube end 11. The ends of the tubes 11 having a substantially oblong shape in
    -14the examples described, the length of one end of a tube 11 means the dimension joining the two opposite small sides of this end. More particularly, in the case where a tongue 30 is inserted on a half-section of one end of a tube 11 debited by the leg 113 of the tube 11, this tongue 30 does not extend over the entire half-section, that is to say that it does not extend over the entire half-length of the end of the tube 11 so as not to obstruct the channel 111 and not to prevent the circulation of the first fluid.
    Thus, the tongues 30 form spacer jumpers which maintain a constant spacing, here between the two long sides of the ends of the tubes 11, at the flares 115, without completely obstructing the ends of the tubes 11, so as not to interfere the flow of the first fluid.
    In addition, the tongues 30 may have a solid, non-perforated shape.
    The tongues 30 can be evenly distributed or not.
    The tongues 30 are advantageously provided at strategic points, for example at the longitudinal ends of the cover 23 (see FIG. 5) so as to be inserted into the ends of the tubes 11 at the start and / or at the end of the heat exchange bundle 10 .
    Seal
    The seal 25 is for example made of an elastomer such as an ethylene-propylene-diene monomer known under the acronym EPDM.
    As is better visible in FIG. 3, the seal 25 comprises according to the first embodiment:
    a peripheral part 251 shaped to follow the periphery of the collector plate 21 so as to seal between the cover 23 and the collector plate 21, and a plurality of inverted collars 255, extending in the direction of the heat exchange bundle 10 in the assembled state of the heat exchanger 1, and delimiting openings 254 suitable for receiving the ends of the tubes 11 when the heat exchange bundle 10 is assembled to the manifold 20.
    The inverted collars 255 extend through the openings 211 of the collector plate 21 when the seal 25 is arranged on the collector plate 21. The inverted collars 255 extend in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tubes 11 in the assembled state of the heat exchanger 1. The inverted collars 255 extend in the direction opposite to the direction of insertion of the tubes 11 into the collecting plate 21.
    Finally, the inverted collars 255 are flexible and adapt to the shape of the tubes 11 and of the openings 211 of the manifold plate 21. Thus, the seal 25 provides a flexible connection between the manifold plate 21 and the tubes 11 , which makes it possible to absorb the stresses of deformations linked to thermal expansion.
    The seal 25 further comprises in this example a base 257, from which extend the inverted collars 255. The base 257 connects the peripheral part 251 to the inverted collars 255.
    Second embodiment
    A second embodiment, illustrated in FIGS. 7 to 10b, differs in particular from the first embodiment in that the manifold 20 further comprises an internal plate 27 distinct from the manifold 21 (FIG. 8), and arranged at less partially against the seal 25 (FIGS. 9a, 9b) so as to maintain the seal 25 around the ends of the tubes 11 in the assembled state of the heat exchanger 1. Thus, the seal seal 25 is compressed between the ends of the heat exchange tubes 11 and the internal plate 27, in the assembled state of the heat exchanger 1.
    Collector plate
    According to the second illustrated embodiment, the collector plate 21 (FIG. 8) is substantially flat and devoid of collar, more precisely it comprises a bottom 217 substantially plane and devoid of collar, on which the openings 211 are formed and with respect to which the peripheral border 215 is raised.
    Seal
    According to this second embodiment, the seal 25 (Figures 9a, 9b), comprises a plurality of standard collars 253 extending in the direction of the cover 23 to the assembly of the manifold 20 opposite the collars inverted 255 and also delimiting the openings 254 for the passage of the tubes 11. These standard collars 253 are intended to be received in the internal plate 27 when assembling the manifold 20.
    There are as many standard collars 253 as inverted collars 255. The standard collars 253 are produced as an extension of the inverted collars 255. The standard collars 253 and the inverted collars 255 extend in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tubes 11 in the assembled state of the heat exchanger 1.
    In addition, these standard collars 253 are suitable for receiving the ends of the tubes 11 when assembling the heat exchange bundle 10 with a collector plate 21. More specifically, the standard collars 253 extend in the same direction as the direction of insertion of the tubes 11 into the collecting plate 21.
    In addition, the shape of the standard collars 253 is complementary to that of the ends of the tubes 11, for example the standard collars 253 have, in cross section, a substantially oblong shape before assembly of the manifold 20.
    Finally, similar to inverted collars, the standard collars 253 are flexible and adapt to the shape of the tubes 11 and the openings 211 of the collector plate 21. The standard collars 253 are intended to be compressed during the expansion of the ends. tubes 11. The tightness between the tubes 11 and the collector plate 21 is ensured by this compression of the standard collars 253 around the ends of the tubes 11.
    Internal plate
    The internal plate 27, better visible in Figures 10a, 10b, is advantageously made of plastic.
    This plate 27 is called an "internal plate" because of its arrangement in the interior volume of the manifold 20 defined between the manifold 21 and the cover 23.
    The internal plate 27 has for example a generally substantially parallelepiped shape, here a rectangular parallelepiped.
    This internal plate 27 comprises a plurality of openings 271 for receiving the ends of the tubes 11 and the seal 25 around the ends of the tubes 11, more precisely the standard collars 253 of the seal 25. The shape of the openings 271 is adapted to the shape of the standard collars 253 and of the ends of the tubes 11. In this example, the openings 271 are substantially oblong and extend longitudinally substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the tubes 11 in the assembled state of the heat exchanger 1.
    With the exception of the openings 271, the internal plate 27 is substantially flat.
    More specifically, it is the standard collars 253 protruding from the seal 25 which are compressed between the ends of the tubes 11 and the internal plate 27.
    The internal plate 27 has a lower face 27a shown in FIG. 10a and
    An opposite upper face 27b, shown in FIG. 10b. The lower face 27a is intended to be arranged facing the base 257 of the seal 25 and the upper face 27b facing the cover 23, when the manifold 20 is assembled. Thus, the base 257 of the seal d the seal 25 is interposed between the internal plate 27 (its lower face 27a) and the collector plate 21. The internal plate 27 thus forms a collector counter-plate cooperating with the collector plate 21 to maintain the seal 25.
    Advantageously, the internal plate 27 is arranged and in particular dimensioned so as to fill the spaces between the ends of the tubes 11. According to the first embodiment, the internal plate 27 makes it possible to fill the spaces between the base 257 of the joint d seal 25 and the standard collars 253 of the seal 25. The internal plate 27 thus forms a ply which occupies almost all of the space between the protruding ends of the tubes 11 passing through the standard collars 253. In particular, the internal plate 27, more precisely its upper face 27b, is arranged as close as possible to the ends of the tubes 11. In other words, the ends of the tubes 11 bordered by the standard collars 253 of the seal 25 almost do not protrude, that is to say that is to say, protrude over a height of less than 2 mm, or even not at all, beyond the plane along which the internal plate extends 27. This makes it possible to reduce the losses flow, in particular by limiting the formation of vortexes or turbulence in the area where the tubes 11 open into the manifold 20 in the assembled state of the heat exchanger 1.
    Furthermore, as is better visible in FIG. 10b, the internal plate 27 is locally deformed around the openings 271. More specifically, the internal plate 27 is locally deformed only on the upper face 27b.
    The internal plate 27 therefore has local deformations 273 provided so that the edge of the openings 271 acts as a counterform complementary to the shape of the ends of the tubes 11 after expansion. The local deformations 273 of the internal plate 27 are for example produced by flares 273. Thus, according to the embodiment described, during the assembly of the tubes 11 to the collector plate 21, the ends of the tubes 11 are flared so to conform to the shape of the borders delimiting the openings 271 of the internal plate 27.
    According to a first alternative embodiment, the internal plate 27 and the seal 25 are two separate parts.
    According to a second alternative embodiment, the internal plate 27 and the seal 25 can be made in one piece. H may be a single bi-material part, that is to say having two materials: a first part made of a first material acting as a seal 25 as described above, and a second part made of a second material acting as internal plate 27 as described above. Such a part 25, 27 is for example produced by co-molding.
    This second variant allows the number of parts to be limited while accelerating the assembly of the heat exchanger 1.
    In this second reahsation mode, the cover 23 and the locking members 29 are reahsed in a similar manner to the first embodiment.
    Third embodiment
    FIGS. 11a and 11b illustrate a third embodiment which differs in particular from the second embodiment by the fact that the internal plate 27 ′ is arranged so as to keep the seal 25 ′ compressed between the ends of the tubes 11 and the collector plate 21 and no longer between the ends of the tubes 11 and the internal plate 27 unlike the second embodiment. In addition, according to this third embodiment, the locking members 29 are formed on the internal plate 27 ’.
    In this case, the seal 25 'is integrally arranged below the internal plate 27' with reference to the arrangement of the elements in Figures 11a and 11b.
    According to this second embodiment, the seal 25 ’does not have standard collars 253 passing through the internal plate 27’. In contrast, the seal 25 ’has inverted collars 255 in a similar manner to the first embodiment.
    The seal 25 ’further includes bearing zones 258 on which the flares 115 of the tubes 11 are supported after expansion to compress the seal 25’. In this third embodiment, the tubes 11 have a single flare 115 on the periphery of the ends of the tubes 11.
    As regards the internal plate 27 ′, according to this third embodiment, its surface facing the cover 23 in the assembled state of the manifold 20 is substantially less so as not to disturb the flow of the first fluid.
    The internal plate 27 ′ has a plurality of openings 271 bordered by collars 275, as is better visible in FIG. 11b. The collars 275 may be continuous over the entire periphery of the openings 271 or, on the contrary, may be interrupted as shown in FIGS. 13a and 13b of the fourth embodiment, by one or more slots 277.
    Referring again to Figures 11a and 11b, these collars 275 are arranged on the periphery of the ends of the tubes 11 and extend towards the interior of the tubes 11. After insertion of the tubes 11 through the manifold plate 21 and the seal 25 ', the internal plate 27' is arranged over the seal 25 'and the collars 275 are inserted inside the ends of the tubes 11. In the case where the collars 275 are not not continuous, the slots 277 (visible in FIGS. 13a, 13b) are advantageously provided so as to be located in line with the partition 113 (visible in FIG. 11a) when the tubes 11 open into the manifold 20.
    The collars 275 are intended to be plastically deformed in a complementary manner to the ends of the tubes 11, so as to keep the flared ends of the tubes 11 in abutment against the gasket 25 ’to compress it. These collars 275 of the internal plate 27 ′ thus form locking members 29 to keep the seal 25 ’compressed between each end of the tube 11 and the collector plate 21.
    According to the example of FIG. 11b, the deformed collars 275 of the internal plate 27 ′ do not extend beyond the flares 115. In other words, the collars 275 are arranged only on the flares 115 of the ends of the tubes 11.
    Fourth embodiment
    The fourth embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 12a to 13b differs from the third re-absorption mode in that the gasket 25 ’and the internal plate 27’ are suitable for tube ends 11 with a double flaring.
    According to this fourth embodiment, the ends of the tubes 11 are flared in at least two separate cross sections. In particular, the ends of the tubes 11 can have:
    on the one hand, one or more so-called external flares 115 on the periphery of the ends of the tubes 11 opening into the manifold 20, that is to say on the outside of the heat exchange bundle 10, and
    -20 on the other hand one or more other so-called internal flares 117, made on the side of the rest of the heat exchange bundle 10, or on the inside of the heat exchange bundle 10.
    The internal flare (s) 117 compress the seal 25 ’against the collector plate 21. According to the illustrated embodiment, an internal flare 117 is formed over the entire internal cross section of the end of the tube 11.
    The external flare (s) 115 compress the seal 25 ’against the internal plate 27’.
    According to the examples illustrated in FIGS. 12a and 12b, the width of the ends of the tubes 11 at the level of the external flares 115 is greater than the width of the ends of the tubes 11 at the level of the internal flares 117. The width of the ends of the tubes 11 at the level external flares 115 and width of the ends of the tubes 11 at the level of the internal flares 117 are of course greater than the width of the ends of the tubes 11 before flaring.
    In this case, the seal 25 ’around one end of a tube 11 has two support zones 258 and 259 respectively for each flare 115 and 117 of this tube end 11 (see FIG. 12b).
    The collars 275 of the internal plate 27 ′, according to this fourth embodiment, arranged on the periphery of the ends of the tubes 11 extend beyond the external flares 115 of the ends of the tubes 11 towards the interior of the tubes 11 In other words, the collars 275 comprise a first part 275a intended to be deformed during flaring of the periphery of the ends of the tubes 11, and a second part 275b which extends beyond the flares 115 of the ends of the tubes 11 in direction of the interior of the tubes 11 after expansion. According to the example illustrated, this second part 275b of the collars 275 extends substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tubes 11 in the assembled state of the heat exchanger 1.
    According to the example described, the second parts 275b of the collars 275 of the internal plate 27 'do not extend beyond the internal flares 117.
    Similarly to the third embodiment, the locking members 29 are formed by the collars 275 arranged at the ends of the tubes 11 so as to
    -21maintain the external flare (s) 115, and thus maintain the compression of the seal 25 ’.
    The other characteristics are identical to the third embodiment and are not described again.
    Fifth embodiment
    A fifth embodiment shown in FIGS. 14a to 14c differs from the first embodiment, in that the locking members 29 are produced by added reinforcing parts, such as internal rings 40, at the ends of the tubes 11.
    The locking members 29 are therefore no longer carried by the cover 23 as described in the first embodiment. Unlike the four embodiments described above, the locking members 29 are no longer formed on an element already present in the heat exchanger 1 but are inserts which are therefore additional compared to the elements already present in the heat exchanger 1 .
    Advantageously, the internal rings 40 are made of a metallic material such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy, chosen so that the internal rings 40 have mechanical characteristics, in particular of mechanical strength to resist pressure constraints. , greater than those of the tubes 11, the sealing of which is ensured by brazing, such as the tubes folded at "B".
    In particular, the internal rings 40 are chosen with a thickness of the order of 0.15mm to 0.30mm.
    The internal rings 40 have a section at least substantially equal to that of the tubes 11 before flaring. According to the particular case of a double flaring of the tubes 11 as described above with reference to the first embodiment with an internal flaring 117 and an external flaring 115 (see FIG. 3), the section of the internal rings 40 is advantageously chosen at least substantially equal to the section of the internal flare 117 of the tubes 11 (see FIG. 14b). In other words, the external perimeter of the internal rings 40 is substantially equal to the internal perimeter of the tubes 11 before flaring the periphery of the ends of the tubes 11.
    The internal rings 40 are intended to be mechanically and forcibly inserted inside the ends of the tubes 11, in other words on the internal perimeter of the tubes 11.
    With reference to FIG. 14b, the internal rings 40 are also chosen with a height less than the height of the tube 11 between the periphery of the end of the tube 11 and the internal flaring 117.
    Furthermore, these internal rings 40 can be inserted into the ends of the tubes 11 by punching.
    Each internal ring 40 is therefore mechanically assembled inside one end of the tube 11. This insertion of the internal rings 40 can be done before or during the flaring of the ends of the tubes 11, in particular for making the external flares 115 (see FIG. 3) at the periphery of the ends of the tubes 11.
    Referring again to Figures 14a to 14c, the insertion of the inner rings 40 inside the ends of the tubes 11 results in an increase in the perimeter of the tubes 11.
    When the ends of the tubes 11 are flared (the perimeter of the ends with their external flares being shown diagrammatically by the dotted lines in FIG. 14a), the perimeter of the tubes 11 and of the rings 40 increases, for example of the order of 5% to 10 % of the perimeter before flaring. This increase in the perimeter, or in other words of the width of the ends of the tubes 11, allows the compression of the seal 25 between the tubes 11 and the collector plate 21, in particular the collars 218 of the collector plate 21 (see FIGS. 1 and 3).
    After flaring, the internal rings 40 make it possible to maintain the flaring of the tubes 11, or in other words allow to maintain a section equal to or greater than the section of the tubes before flaring.
    The internal rings 40 (better visible in FIGS. 14b and 14c) provide mechanical reinforcement of the ends of the tubes 11 thereby improving the resistance of the tubes 11 to the pressure of the seal 25. In other words, the internal rings 40 provide resistance mechanical at the ends of the tubes 11, so that the latter do not close under the stresses exerted by the seal 25 in the assembled state of the heat exchanger
    1.
    Furthermore, according to the particular embodiment of a heat exchange bundle 10 with tubes bent at “B”, an example of which is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 6a, two internal rings 40, as shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 14b, 14c, are inserted on each end of the tube 11 (FIG. 6a), each on a half-section of the tube 11; the two half-sections being separated by the leg 113 of the tube 11.
    Finally, in order to facilitate the insertion of the inner rings 40 inside the ends of the tubes 11, the inner rings 40 may have a chamfer 41, shown diagrammatically in FIG. 14c, at least on the side inserted first into the tubes 11. On in this case also speaks of input chamfer 41.
    Thus, optimum thermal performance is combined thanks to the heat exchange bundle 10 brazed with tubes 11 having a tight pitch, with resistance to thermal shocks on the side of the collector plate 21 thanks to the mechanical assembly between the tubes 11 of this brazed bundle 10 and the collector plate 21.
    The seal 25; 25 'provides both a mechanical connection function between the brazed heat exchange bundle 10 and the manifold 20, but also a sealing function of the manifold 20 and between the tubes 11 and the manifold 21. in addition, the internal plate 27; 27 'when it is present participates in the compression of the seal 25; 25 'to guarantee the seal between the collector plate 21 and the tubes 11.
    Finally, the locking members 29 carried by the cover 23 or the internal plate
    27 ’, produced in the form of tongues / inserts 30, collars 275, or even internal rings 40, make it possible to prevent the tubes from closing when pushed by the seal 25; 25 ’, thus guaranteeing the mechanical strength of the tubes 11 and therefore the seal between the collector plate 21 and the tubes 11.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Heat exchanger (1), in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising: at least one manifold (20) comprising a manifold plate (21), a heat exchange bundle (10) comprising a plurality of tubes (11), the tubes (11) respectively comprising at least one end opening into the manifold (20) and having at least one flare (115), and at least one compressible seal (25, 25 ') arranged at least partially on the plate manifold (21) and around the ends of the tubes (11) opening into the manifold (20), characterized in that said exchanger (1) further comprises at least one locking member (29) arranged at least partially at the inside the end of at least one tube (11) and shaped to maintain the flare (115) of the end of said tube (11) in order to compress the seal (25,25 ').
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Heat exchanger (1) according to the preceding claim, in which:
    the tubes (11) have in cross section two half-sections separated by a partition (113), and in which two locking members (29) are inserted on one end of tube (11), so that each locking member ( 29) is inserted on a half-section of the tube (11).
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, comprising a plurality of locking members (29) regularly distributed.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Heat exchanger (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said at least one locking member (29) is formed on an element (23; 27 ’) of the heat exchanger (1).
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Heat exchanger (1) according to claim 4, in which:
    the manifold (20) further comprises a cover (23) assembled to the manifold plate (21) so as to close the manifold (20), and wherein said at least one locking member (29) is made in the form tongue (30) formed integrally with the cover (23) extending towards the tubes (11) and inserted at least partially inside a tube end (11).
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Heat exchanger (1) according to the preceding claim, in which:
    The cover (23) comprises at least one tie rod (31, 35) made integrally with the cover (23) and extending in the interior volume of the cover (23), and in which the tongue (30) extends from said at least one tie rod (31, 35) towards a tube end (11).
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Heat exchanger (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the cover (23) has a substantially longitudinal shape, and said at least one tie rod (31) extends in the longitudinal direction (L) of the cover (23) or transversely in the interior volume of the cover (23).
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Heat exchanger (1) according to any one of claims 5 to 7, in which the tongue (30) has an end of shape complementary to the shape at least partially flared of the end of a tube (11), for example a substantially trapezoidal shape.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Heat exchanger (1) according to claim 4, in which:
    - the manifold (20) further comprises an internal plate (27 ') separate from the collector plate (21) and arranged at least partially against the seal (25'), so that the seal (25 ') is interposed between the collector plate (21) and the internal plate (27'), and in which
    - the internal plate (27 ') has a plurality of openings (271) bordered by collars (275) forming a plurality of locking members (29), the collars (275) extending in the direction of the tubes (11) and being arranged on the periphery of the ends of the tubes (11), so as to keep the seal (25 ') compressed between each end of the tube (11) and the collector plate (21).
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Heat exchanger (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said at least one locking member (29) is an additional part attached to the elements of the heat exchanger (1) and assembled on one end of the tube (H).
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. Heat exchanger (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein said at least one locking member (29) is mechanically assembled inside a tube end (11).
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. Heat exchanger (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein said at least one
    The locking member (29) is produced in the form of an internal ring (40).
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. Heat exchanger (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the inner ring (40) has an outer perimeter substantially equal to the inner perimeter of the end of a tube (11) before flaring.
    5
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14. Heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 12 or 13, wherein the inner ring (40) has at least one chamfer (41) shaped so as to facilitate the insertion of the inner ring (40) inside of a tube end (11).
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    15. Heat exchanger (1) according to any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein said at least one locking member (29) is made of a metallic material, such
    10 than aluminum or aluminum alloy.
    1/7
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE2747275A1|1977-10-21|1979-04-26|Volkswagenwerk Ag|HEAT EXCHANGERS, IN PARTICULAR LIGHT METAL HEAT EXCHANGERS|
    FR2542438A1|1983-03-08|1984-09-14|Commissariat Energie Atomique|Two-gas heat exchanger with plastic exchange surface|
    US6296051B1|1998-09-25|2001-10-02|Valeo Termique Moteur|Heat exchanger with reduced space requirement, in particular for motor vehicle|
    FR2947331A1|2009-06-29|2010-12-31|Valeo Systemes Thermiques|Heat exchanger, has bundle of tubes arranged between collector boxes for circulation of fluid, where sealing joint of one collector box includes obturation part partially closing end of inactive tube opening in collector box|EP3564610A1|2018-05-03|2019-11-06|United Technologies Corporation|Cast plate heat exchanger with tapered walls|
    WO2019229369A1|2018-05-31|2019-12-05|Valeo Systemes Thermiques|Header tank and corresponding heat exchanger|
    FR3082929A1|2018-06-26|2019-12-27|Valeo Systemes Thermiques|COLLECTOR BOX AND CORRESPONDING HEAT EXCHANGER|
    法律状态:
    2017-09-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2018-03-30| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20180330 |
    2018-09-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2019-09-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-09-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-09-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1659265A|FR3056734B1|2016-09-28|2016-09-28|THERMAL EXCHANGER, IN PARTICULAR FOR MOTOR VEHICLE|
    FR1659265|2016-09-28|FR1659265A| FR3056734B1|2016-09-28|2016-09-28|THERMAL EXCHANGER, IN PARTICULAR FOR MOTOR VEHICLE|
    PCT/FR2017/052650| WO2018060638A1|2016-09-28|2017-09-28|Heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle|
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